QUESTIONS 1 a) Using examples, explain the interface between phonetics and phonology? (10marks) b) Briefly explain the meetuaism of the expressive airstream in the articulation of speech sounds (10 masks) c) Outline the function of the glottis in the articulation of speech sounds. (10 Marks) 2. a) Define a consorass (2marks) b) Give a formal description of the initial consonant sounds of the listed words, considering the state of the glossis.place and manner of articulation. (18 marks) i) Judge (1) Vatch iii) Fan iv) Show v) Which vi) Chair vii) Garage viii) Biogas ix) Photograph 3.a) Discuss four types of intonation in the English language (10 marks) b) With examples, explain how stress contributes to meaning in sentence meaning (10marks) 4. a) Wish examples, distinguish between narrow transcription and broad transcription. (6marks) b) Give a transcription of the following words. (14 marks) i) Beard viii) Leisure ii) Cream ix) Crayon iii) Colour x) Man iv) Misage xi) garage v) Rend xii) Gutter vi) Sweet xiii) Yacht vii)Vision 5. Using two words each illugrate five diphthongs in the English language (20 marks) (Total 70 marks)

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QUESTIONS 1 a) Using examples, explain the interface between phonetics and phonology? (10marks) b) Briefly explain the meetuaism of the expressive airstream in the articulation of speech sounds (10 masks) c) Outline the function of the glottis in the articulation of speech sounds. (10 Marks) 2. a) Define a consorass (2marks) b) Give a formal description of the initial consonant sounds of the listed words, considering the state of the glossis.place and manner of articulation. (18 marks) i) Judge (1) Vatch iii) Fan iv) Show v) Which vi) Chair vii) Garage viii) Biogas ix) Photograph 3.a) Discuss four types of intonation in the English language (10 marks) b) With examples, explain how stress contributes to meaning in sentence meaning (10marks) 4. a) Wish examples, distinguish between narrow transcription and broad transcription. (6marks) b) Give a transcription of the following words. (14 marks) i) Beard viii) Leisure ii) Cream ix) Crayon iii) Colour x) Man iv) Misage xi) garage v) Rend xii) Gutter vi) Sweet xiii) Yacht vii)Vision 5. Using two words each illugrate five diphthongs in the English language (20 marks) (Total 70 marks)

Answer 1

1. a) The interface between phonetics and phonology can be explained using examples such as the distinction between the phonetic and phonological representation of sounds. For instance, the sound /p/ in English can be phonetically described as a voicelessial plosive, while phonologically it can be categorized as a consonant.b) The mechanism of the expressive airstream in the articulation of speech sounds involves the use of the respiratory system to generate airflow. This airflow is then manipulated by the articulatory organs to produce different speech sounds.c) The glottis plays a crucial role in the articulation of speech sounds. It is the space between the vocal cords and is involved in the production of voiced and voiceless sounds. The glottis can be closed or opened to control the airflow and create different speech sounds.2. a) A consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with a closed or nearly closed vocal tract, resulting in a significant obstruction of airflow.b) Formal description of the initial consonant sounds of the listed words:i) Judge: /ʤ/ (voiced postalveolar affricate)ii) Watch: /w/ (voiced labial approximant)iii) Fan: /f/ (voiceless labial fricative)iv) Show: /ʃ/ (voiced postalveolar fricative)v) Which: /w/ (voiced labial approximant)vi) Chair: /ʧ/ (voiced postalveolar affricate)vii) Garage: /ɡ/ (voiced velar plosive)viii) Biogas: /b/ (voiced bilabial plosive)ix) Photograph: /f/ (voiceless labial fricative)x) Man: /m/ (voiced bilabial nasal)xi) Massage: /m/ (voiced bilabial nasal)xii) Gutter: /g/ (voiced velar plosive)vi) Sweet: /s/ (voiceless alveolar fricative)vii) Vision: /v/ (voiced labial fricative)3. a) Four types of intonation in the English language are:1. Falling intonation: Indicates a statement or fact.2. Rising intonation: Indicates a question or uncertainty.3. Rising-falling intonation: Indicates a combination of statement and question.4. Falling-rising intonation: Indicates a combination of statement and emphasis.b) Stress contributes to meaning in sentence meaning by emphasizing certain words or syllables, which can change the meaning of a sentence. For example, in the sentence "She will go to the store," the stress on "will" indicates a future action, while if the stress is on "go," it suggests a more immediate action.4. a) Narrow transcription represents the exact phonetic details of speech, while broad transcription represents the general phonetic features of speech.b) Transcription of the following words:i) Beard: /bɜːrd/ii) Cream: /kriːm/iii) Colour: /ˈkʌlər/iv) Massage: /ˈmæsɪdʒ/v) Rend: /rɛnd/vi) Sweet: /swiːt/vii) Vision: /ˈvɪʒən/viii) Leisure: /ˈleʒər/ix) Crayon: /kreɪˈoʊn/x) Man: /mæn/xi) Garage: /ˈɡærɪdʒ/xii) Gutter: /ˈɡʌtər/xiii) Yacht: /jɒkt/5. Five diphthongs in the English language can be illustrated using the following words:1. "boy" - /ɔɪ/ (a combination of /ɑ/ and /ɪ/)2. "out" - /aʊ/ (a combination of /ɑ/ and /u/)3. "loud" - /aʊ/ (a combination of /ɑ/ and /u/)4. "ice" - /aɪ/ (a combination of /ɑ/ and /ɪ/)5. "price" - /aɪ/ (a combination of /ɑ/ and /ɪ/)

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