Question
a) Distinguish between education , curriculum and syllabus (6marks) b)Highlight two main challenges facing competency-based curriculum and suggest one possible solution to each of the challenges (8 marks) c) Explain the purpose of each of the following in determination of education purposes in Ralph Tyler's (1949)curriculum model i. Philosophy of education (2marks) ii. Psychology of education (2marks) iii. Psychology of education (2marks QUESTION TWO a)Explain two roles of each of the three dimensions of school curriculum in development of a holistic learner (6 marks) b) Assess three reasons why competency-hased curriculum was introduced in Kenya (9 marks) QUESTION THREE a)State three fundamental questions by Ralph Tyler, indicating how they guide the Kenya curriculum development process. (6marks) b) Discuss three ways in which Hilda Taba (1962) modified Ralph (Tyler1949) curriculum development model (9marks) QUESTION FOUR a) Explain three roles of the Kenya National goals of Education in curriculum development process (6marks) b) Discuss three criterion of curriculum innovation which should be observed in order to facilitate success of curriculum innovation (9marks) QUESTION FIVE a) Explain two strengths of learner -centred curriculum over teacher- centered curriculum design (6marks) b) Discuss three roles that parents should play in order to facilitate success of Education in Kenya (9marks)
Solution
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Resposta
**QUESTION ONE**a) **Distinguish between education curriculum and syllabus (6 marks)**- **Curriculum**: The curriculum is a comprehensive plan that includes the overall structure, content, and learning experiences provided by an educational institution. It encompasses the entire educational journey of students, including objectives, learning experiences, resources, and assessment methods. - **Syllabus**: The syllabus is a detailed document outlining the specific topics, subtopics, learning objectives, and assessment methods for a particular course or subject within the curriculum. It serves as a guide for both instructors and students, detailing what will be covered and how it will be evaluated.b) **Highlight two main challenges facing competency-based curriculum and suggest one possible solution to each of the challenges (8 marks)**- **Challenge 1: Resource Intensive**: Competency-based curricula require significant resources in terms of training teachers, developing materials, and providing technology and infrastructure. - **Solution**: Implement professional development programs to enhance teacher skills and provide adequate funding for necessary resources.- **Challenge 2: Alignment Issues**: Ensuring alignment between curriculum standards, teaching practices, and assessment methods can be difficult. - **Solution**: Establish clear guidelines and frameworks to ensure consistency and coherence across all educational components.c) **Explain the purpose of each of the following in determination of education purposes in Ralph Tyler's (1949) curriculum model**- **Philosophy of education**: This involves the fundamental beliefs and values about education and its role in society. It guides the overall direction and goals of the curriculum. - **Psychology of education**: This focuses on understanding how students learn and develop, which informs the design of instructional strategies and learning experiences.- **Psychology of education**: This focuses on understanding how students learn and develop, which informs the design of instructional strategies and learning experiences.**QUESTION TWO**a) **Explain two roles of each of the three dimensions of school curriculum in development of a holistic learner (6 marks)**- **Cognitive Dimension**: Develops intellectual skills and knowledge. - **Role 1**: Enhances critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. - **Role 2**: Promotes academic achievement and intellectual curiosity.- **Affective Dimension**: Develops attitudes, values, and emotions. - **Role 1**: Fosters emotional intelligence and empathy. - **Role 2**: Encourages positive attitudes towards learning and social interactions.- **Psychomotor Dimension**: Develops physical skills and coordination. - **Role 1**: Improves motor skills and physical fitness. - **Role 2**: Enhances practical skills and hands-on experience.b) **Assess three reasons why competency-based curriculum was introduced in Kenya (9 marks)**- **Reason 1**: To align education with national development goals.- **Reason 2**: To ensure students acquire practical skills and knowledge relevant to the job market.- **Reason 3**: To promote continuous assessment and feedback to improve student learning outcomes.**QUESTION THREE**a) **State three fundamental questions by Ralph Tyler, indicating how they guide the Kenya curriculum development process (6 marks)**- **Question 1**: What are the purposes of the school? This helps in defining the educational objectives and goals.- **Question 2**: What is the content and experiences that will be included in the school program? This guides the selection of relevant learning materials and activities.- **Question 3**: How can the school's purposes be achieved? This focuses on determining effective teaching methods and assessment strategies.b) **Discuss three ways in which Hilda Taba (1962) modified Ralph (Tyler 1949) curriculum development model (9 marks)**- **Way 1**: Emphasized the importance of objectives in guiding curriculum development.- **Way 2**: Introduced the concept of thematic units to integrate subjects and make learning more cohesive.- **Way 3**: Stressed the role of teachers in interpreting and adapting the curriculum to meet local needs.**QUESTION FOUR**a) **Explain three roles of the Kenya National goals of Education in curriculum development process (6 marks)**- **Role 1**: Provide direction and focus for curriculum development.- **Role 2**: Serve as benchmarks for evaluating curriculum effectiveness.- **Role 3**: Guide the integration of essential knowledge and skills into the curriculum.b) **Discuss three criterion of curriculum innovation which should be observed in order to facilitate success of curriculum innovation (9 marks)**- **Criterion 1**: Practicality - The innovation should be feasible to implement in real-world educational settings.- **Criterion 2**: Effectiveness - The innovation should improve student learning outcomes and achieve educational goals.- **Criterion 3**: Sustainability - The innovation should be sustainable over time, ensuring long-term implementation and adaptation.**QUESTION FIVE**a) **Explain two strengths of learner-centered curriculum over teacher-centered curriculum design (6 marks)**- **Strength 1**: Promotes active engagement and participation of