3.2 In cellular respiration glucose is broken down in a step-wise process to release energy as ATP. 3.2.1 Describe what happens to the glucose molecule during glycolysis 3.2.2 Tabulate TWO differences between the products of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration in animals cells 3.2.3 Draw and label the cell organelle in which cellular respiration occurs 3.3 Read the extract below. Greenhouse farming also known as controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is a methoc I of cultivating crops in an enclosed structure in which growing environment is created and maintained for crops Greenhouses provide controlled environment that protect crops from extreme weather conditions by regulating temperature ,humidity and light levels Farmers are able to grow crops throughout the year irrespective of external climate and are also able to provide the ideal conditions required for each specific crop. This level of control enhances crop growth and reduces the risk of pest and diseases. By providing an optimized environment for plant growth ,greenhouse farming offers increased crop yield, better crop quality and year round cultivation. Hence there is a continuous reliable supply of fresh produce. 3.3.1 Define greenhouse farming. 3.3.2 Name TWO environmental factors mentioned in the extract that are regulated in greenhouses. 3.3.3 From the extract, describe how greenhouse farming affects food security. (4) (5)

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3.2 In cellular respiration glucose is broken down in a step-wise process to release energy as ATP. 3.2.1 Describe what happens to the glucose molecule during glycolysis 3.2.2 Tabulate TWO differences between the products of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration in animals cells 3.2.3 Draw and label the cell organelle in which cellular respiration occurs 3.3 Read the extract below. Greenhouse farming also known as controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is a methoc I of cultivating crops in an enclosed structure in which growing environment is created and maintained for crops Greenhouses provide controlled environment that protect crops from extreme weather conditions by regulating temperature ,humidity and light levels Farmers are able to grow crops throughout the year irrespective of external climate and are also able to provide the ideal conditions required for each specific crop. This level of control enhances crop growth and reduces the risk of pest and diseases. By providing an optimized environment for plant growth ,greenhouse farming offers increased crop yield, better crop quality and year round cultivation. Hence there is a continuous reliable supply of fresh produce. 3.3.1 Define greenhouse farming. 3.3.2 Name TWO environmental factors mentioned in the extract that are regulated in greenhouses. 3.3.3 From the extract, describe how greenhouse farming affects food security. (4) (5)

Answer 1

3.2.1 During glycolysis, the glucose molecule undergoes a series of enzymatic reactions that break it down into two molecules of pyruvate. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen. Glycolysis results in the production of a net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules.3.2.2 Differences between the products of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration in animal cells:| Aerobic Cellular Respiration | Anaerobic Cellular Respiration ||----------------------------|--------------------------------|| Produces a higher amount of ATP (approximately 36 ATP molecules) | Produces a lower amount of ATP (approximately 2 ATP molecules) || Occurs in the mitochondria | Occurs in the cytoplasm || Requires oxygen | Does not require oxygen |3.2.3 The cell organelle in which cellular respiration occurs is the mitochondria. It is often referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it is responsible for generating ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell. The mitochondria contains enzymes and structures necessary for the various stages of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.3.3.1 Greenhouse farming, also known as controlled environment agriculture (CEA), is a method of cultivating crops in an enclosed structure where the growing environment is created and maintained for optimal crop growth. It involves regulating factors such as temperature, humidity, and light levels to provide controlled conditions for crops.3.3.2 Two environmental factors mentioned in the extract that are regulated in greenhouses are temperature and humidity.3.3.3 Greenhouse farming affects food security by providing a controlled environment for crop cultivation. By regulating factors such as temperature, humidity, and light levels, farmers can create ideal conditions for specific crops throughout the year. This allows for continuous and reliable production of fresh produce, regardless of external climate conditions. As a result, greenhouse farming helps to enhance food security by ensuring a consistent and increased supply of fresh crops.

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