33. Agraphic representation of variations in the manifestations of a disease in the population is termed as:- a. The iceberg phenomena b. The natural history of disease C. Spectrum of disease d. Disease-illness continuum 34. Indicate whether the following statements are True or False about epidemiology: - a. It focuses on determinants and distribution of diseases only b. Populations are specified only through geographical location 35. Bias created by incorrectly inferring an association at an individual-level based on a group- level relationship is referred to as:- a. Attrition bias b. Ecological bias C. Selection bias d. Random bias 36. The most basic epidemiological study design is __ a. Ecological study design b. Case report study design C. Case series study design d. Cross sectional study design 37. Rates computed by eliminating the effect of differences such as age distributions in the populations being studied are referred to as __ a. Crude rates b. Age specific rates C. Adjusted rates d. Proportionate rates 38. Demography helps in understanding the following:- a. Determinants of disease in a population and the size of the population b. Population structure and distribution of disease in a population C. Distribution and determinants of disease in a population d. The increase or decrease of the total population 39. The lowes t measurement scale in statistics is:- a. Ratio b. Interval C. Nominal d. Ordinal 40. The following measure of central tendency is the MOST appropriate for numeric data that is skewed:- a. Mode b. Median C. Mean d. Interquartile range 41. One of the following is CORRECT regarding coefficient of variation, itz- a. Shows absolute deviations from the mean b. Indicates the size of a standard deviation in relation to its mean C. Shows the difference between the smallest and the largest values d. Is the square root of standard deviation