ssessment 28. To which group in the periodic table does each of the following elements belong? How many valence electrons do atoms of each element have? a. nitrogen d. barium b lithium e. bromine c. phosphorus f.carbon 27. What is a valence electron? 29. Write electron dot structures for each of the fol- lowing elements: a. Cl c. Al b. S d. Li 30. Describe two ways that an ion forms from an atom. 31. How many electrons must an atom of each element lose to attain a noble-gas electron configuration? a. Ca c. Li b. Al d. Ba 32. Write the symbol for the ion formed when each of the following elements loses its valence electrons. a. aluminum d. potassium b. lithium e. calcium c. barium f. strontium 33. Why do nonmetal ......................................................................anions when they react to form compounds? 34. How many electrons must be gained by each of the following atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration? a. N c. Cl b. S d. P 35. What is the formula of the ions formed when atoms of the following elements gain or lose valence electrons and attain noble-gas configurations? a. sulfur c. fluorine b. sodium d. phosphorus Lesson by Lesson 7.1 lons gained in forming each ion. stated forming each is a a. Br^- e. C_(4) C_(4) b. Na^+ As^3- h. C_(2)2 H^- d. Ba^2+ 37. Name each ion in Problem 36 an anion or a cation. 7.2 lonic Bonds and 38. Define an ionic bond. 40. Which of the following pairs. ionic compound? compound? bine chemically. a. Liand S c. Fand a b. and S e. Iando c. Aland O f. Hand 39. Explain why ionic compounds are a neutral. not form ionic compounds? componit compounds of elements a. sulfur and oxygen b. sodium and calcium c. sodium and sulfur d. oxygen and chlorine 42. How can you and? Sent the composite ionic compound? Identify the kinds of ions that form compound. a. calcium fluoride, CaF_(2) b. aluminum bromide, AlBr_(3) c. lithium oxide, Li_(2)O d. aluminum sulfide, Al_(2)S_(3) e. potassium nitride, K_(3)N 44.Write the formulas for the ions i compounds: a. KCl c. Mg b. BaS d. Li 45. Most ionic substances are brit 46. Explain why molten MgCl_(2) electric current although crys does not.

Question

ssessment 28. To which group in the periodic table does each of the following elements belong? How many valence electrons do atoms of each element have? a. nitrogen d. barium b lithium e. bromine c. phosphorus f.carbon 27. What is a valence electron? 29. Write electron dot structures for each of the fol- lowing elements: a. Cl c. Al b. S d. Li 30. Describe two ways that an ion forms from an atom. 31. How many electrons must an atom of each element lose to attain a noble-gas electron configuration? a. Ca c. Li b. Al d. Ba 32. Write the symbol for the ion formed when each of the following elements loses its valence electrons. a. aluminum d. potassium b. lithium e. calcium c. barium f. strontium 33. Why do nonmetal ......................................................................anions when they react to form compounds? 34. How many electrons must be gained by each of the following atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration? a. N c. Cl b. S d. P 35. What is the formula of the ions formed when atoms of the following elements gain or lose valence electrons and attain noble-gas configurations? a. sulfur c. fluorine b. sodium d. phosphorus Lesson by Lesson 7.1 lons gained in forming each ion. stated forming each is a a. Br^- e. C_(4) C_(4) b. Na^+ As^3- h. C_(2)2 H^- d. Ba^2+ 37. Name each ion in Problem 36 an anion or a cation. 7.2 lonic Bonds and 38. Define an ionic bond. 40. Which of the following pairs. ionic compound? compound? bine chemically. a. Liand S c. Fand a b. and S e. Iando c. Aland O f. Hand 39. Explain why ionic compounds are a neutral. not form ionic compounds? componit compounds of elements a. sulfur and oxygen b. sodium and calcium c. sodium and sulfur d. oxygen and chlorine 42. How can you and? Sent the composite ionic compound? Identify the kinds of ions that form compound. a. calcium fluoride, CaF_(2) b. aluminum bromide, AlBr_(3) c. lithium oxide, Li_(2)O d. aluminum sulfide, Al_(2)S_(3) e. potassium nitride, K_(3)N 44.Write the formulas for the ions i compounds: a. KCl c. Mg b. BaS d. Li 45. Most ionic substances are brit 46. Explain why molten MgCl_(2) electric current although crys does not.

Answer 1

27. A valence electron is an electron that is located in the outermost shell of an atom and is involved in chemical bonding.28. a. Nitrogen belongs to Group 15 in the periodic table and has 5 valence electrons.b. Lithium belongs to Group 1 in the periodic table and has 1 valence electron.c. Phosphorus belongs to Group 15 in the periodic table and has 5 valence electrons.d. Barium belongs to Group 2 in the periodic table and has 2 valence electrons.e. Bromine belongs to Group 17 in the periodic table and has 7 valence electrons.f. Carbon belongs to Group 14 in the periodic table and has 4 valence electrons.29. a. Cl: Cl has 7 valence electrons, so its electron dot structure is Cl with seven dots around it.b. S: S has 6 valence electrons, so its electron dot structure is S with six dots around it.c. Al: Al has 3 valence electrons, so its electron dot structure is Al with three dots around it.d. Li: Li has 1 valence electron, so its electron dot structure is Li with one dot around it.30. An ion forms from an atom when it gains or loses electrons. If an atom gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion called an anion. If an atom loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion called a cation.31. a. Ca: Calcium (Ca) has 2 valence electrons, so it must lose 2 electrons to attain a noble-gas electron configuration.b. Al: Aluminum (Al) has 3 valence electrons, so it must lose 3 electrons to attain a noble-gas electron configuration.c. Li: Lithium (Li) has 1 valence electron, so it must lose 1 electron to attain a noble-gas electron configuration.d. Ba: Barium (Ba) has 2 valence electrons, so it must lose 2 electrons to attain a noble-gas electron configuration.32. a. Aluminum (Al) loses its 3 valence electrons to form the ion Al^3+.b. Lithium (Li) loses its 1 valence electron to form the ion Li^+.c. Barium (Ba) loses its 2 valence electrons to form the ion Ba^2+.d. Potassium (K) loses its 1 valence electron to form the ion K^+.e. Calcium (Ca) loses its 2 valence electrons to form the ion Ca^2+.f. Strontium (Sr) loses its 2 valence electrons to form the ion Sr^2+.33. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons when they react to form compounds because gaining electrons allows them to achieve a stable electron configuration, similar to the nearest noble gas.34. a. Nitrogen (N) needs to gain 3 electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.b. Sulfur (S) needs to gain 2 electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.c. Chlorine (Cl) needs to gain 1 electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.d. Phosphorus (P) needs to gain 3 electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.35. a. Sulfur (S) gains 2 electrons to form the ion S^2-.b. Sodium (Na) loses 1 electron to form the ion Na^+.c. Fluorine (F) gains 1 electron to form the ion F^-.d. Phosphorus (P) gains 3 electrons to form the ion P^3-.37. a.

is an anion.b.

is a cation.c.

is an anion.d.

is a cation.e.

is an anion.f.

is an anion.38. An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that forms between two atoms when one atom donates electrons to another atom. This results in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that are held together by electrostatic forces.39. Ionic compounds are neutral because the total positive charge from the cations is balanced by the total negative charge from the anions.40. a. Sulfur and oxygen can form a covalent compound, not an ionic compound.b. Sodium and calcium can form an ionic compound.c. Sodium and sulfur can form an ionic compound.d. Oxygen and chlorine can form a covalent compound, not an ionic compound.42. a. Calcium fluoride,

: Calcium (Ca) is a cation and fluoride

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