3. Human activities that disrupt the carbon cycle include the burning of fossil fuels. Which statement best summarizes this disruption? (A) Burning fossil fuels increases the energy stored in carbon compounds. (B) Burning fossil fuels adds carbon compounds to all Earth systems. (C) Burning fossil fuels transforms carbon from compounds to its element form. (D) Burning fossil fuels causes other processes of the carbon cycle to occur at a faster rate. (E) Burning fossil fuels shifts carbon compounds from the geosphere to the atmosphere. 4. Isabella argues that ecosystems generally maintain consistent numbers and types of organisms, but that they can be severely disrupted by a mass extinction . Which is the MOST likely cause of a mass extinction? (A) an outbreak of a disease (B) the spread of invasive species (C) global climate change that occurs rapidly (D) global climate change that occurs gradually (E) an isolated natural disaster, such as an earthquake or volcanic eruption 5. Scientists cite evidence that human activities have been causing global climate change, which is affecting ecosystems worldwide . Which of these actions would likely be the MOST effective in slowing global climate change and its harmful effects? (A) Reduce the use of artificial fertilizers to grow crops (B) Add devices to coal-burning power plants to capture sulfur and nitrogen compounds. (C) Ban the use of chlorofluorocark ions (CFCs), which damage the ozone layer. (D) Replace fossil fuel consumption with renewable energy resources that do not transfer carbon to the atmosphere. (E) Reduce tourism and fishing in polar regions, which would reduce the rate that ice melts.

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3. Human activities that disrupt the carbon cycle include the burning of fossil fuels. Which statement best summarizes this disruption? (A) Burning fossil fuels increases the energy stored in carbon compounds. (B) Burning fossil fuels adds carbon compounds to all Earth systems. (C) Burning fossil fuels transforms carbon from compounds to its element form. (D) Burning fossil fuels causes other processes of the carbon cycle to occur at a faster rate. (E) Burning fossil fuels shifts carbon compounds from the geosphere to the atmosphere. 4. Isabella argues that ecosystems generally maintain consistent numbers and types of organisms, but that they can be severely disrupted by a mass extinction . Which is the MOST likely cause of a mass extinction? (A) an outbreak of a disease (B) the spread of invasive species (C) global climate change that occurs rapidly (D) global climate change that occurs gradually (E) an isolated natural disaster, such as an earthquake or volcanic eruption 5. Scientists cite evidence that human activities have been causing global climate change, which is affecting ecosystems worldwide . Which of these actions would likely be the MOST effective in slowing global climate change and its harmful effects? (A) Reduce the use of artificial fertilizers to grow crops (B) Add devices to coal-burning power plants to capture sulfur and nitrogen compounds. (C) Ban the use of chlorofluorocark ions (CFCs), which damage the ozone layer. (D) Replace fossil fuel consumption with renewable energy resources that do not transfer carbon to the atmosphere. (E) Reduce tourism and fishing in polar regions, which would reduce the rate that ice melts.

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3. The correct answer is (E) Burning fossil fuels shifts carbon compounds from the geosphere to the atmosphere. When fossil fuels are burned, the carbon stored in these compounds is released into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2). This process disrupts the natural carbon cycle, which involves the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, biosphere, oceans, and geosphere. The burning of fossil fuels adds a significant amount of carbon to the atmosphere, contributing to increased levels of greenhouse gases and global warming.4. The correct answer is (C) global climate change that occurs rapidly. Mass extinctions are typically caused by catastrophic events that occur rapidly and drastically change the environment. Global climate change that occurs gradually may allow some species to adapt, but rapid climate change can lead to a sudden loss of habitat and resources, making it difficult for many species to survive. Examples of rapid climate change include volcanic eruptions, asteroid impacts, and sudden changes in sea level.5. The correct answer is (D) Replace fossil fuel consumption with renewable energy resources that do not transfer carbon to the atmosphere. Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. By replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, we can reduce the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. This is the most effective action in slowing global climate change and its harmful effects on ecosystems.

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