QUESTION ONE i. Explain the broad concept of curriculum. (4marks) ii. Describe the two types of curriculum development models that curriculum developers have al their option. (4marks) iii Identify and explain three main ways of a:quiring education (6marks) iv. Give two reasons why stating curriculur goals/objectives is important (4marks) v. Elucidate three key considerations that can guide the development of any curriculum. (6marks) vi. Give two reasons why it is necessary to evaluate curriculurn. (2marks) vii. Identify and explain two types of teacher education programmes in Kenya. (4marks)

i. The broad concept of curriculum refers to the overall plan or framework that outlines the learning experiences, objectives, content, and methods of instruction for a particular educational program or course. It serves as a guide for both educators and learners, providing a structured approach to teaching and learning.<br /><br />ii. The two types of curriculum development models that curriculum developers have at their option are:<br /><br />1. **Traditional Model:** This model follows a linear and sequential approach, where the curriculum is developed in a step-by-step manner. It typically involves defining the objectives, selecting content, organizing the content, and then designing the instructional methods and materials. **Systems Approach Model:** This model takes a holistic view of the curriculum development process, considering the interrelatedness of various factors such as the educational environment, learners, society, and the curriculum itself. It emphasizes collaboration and integration among different stakeholders in the curriculum development process.<br /><br />iii. The three main ways of acquiring education are:<br /><br />1. **Formal Education:** This is the structured and systematic form of education that takes place in educational institutions such as schools, colleges, and universities. It follows a predetermined curriculum and is delivered by trained educators.<br /><br />2. **Informal Education:** This type of education occurs outside the formal educational institutions and is not structured or organized. It includes learning from daily life experiences, interactions with family and friends, and self-directed learning.<br /><br />3. **Non-formal Education:** This refers to organized educational activities that are intentionally designed and structured but do not take place within the formal educational institutions. Examples include community, adult education classes, and skill development workshops.<br /><br />iv. Stating curriculum goals/objectives is important for the following reasons:<br /><br />1. **Guidance and Direction:** It provides clear guidance and direction for both educators and learners, helping them understand the intended outcomes and expectations of the curriculum.<br /><br />2. **Evaluation and Assessment:** It serves as a basis for evaluating and assessing the effectiveness of the curriculum, allowing for adjustments and improvements based on the achievement of the stated goals.<br /><br />v. The three key considerations that can guide the development of any curriculum are:<br /><br />1. **Relevance:** The curriculum should be relevant to the needs, interests, and aspirations of the learners, ensuring that it is meaningful and engaging for them.<br /><br />2. **Quality:** The curriculum should be of high quality, incorporating accurate and up-to-date content, effective teaching methods, and appropriate assessment strategies.<br /><br />3. **Flexibility:** The curriculum should be flexible and adaptable to accommodate changes in educational trends, societal needs, and technological advancements, allowing for continuous improvement and responsiveness to the evolving educational landscape.<br /><br />vi. It is necessary to evaluate curriculum for the following reasons:<br /><br />1. **Accountability:** Evaluation helps hold educators and educational institutions accountable for the quality and effectiveness of the curriculum, ensuring that it meets the intended goals and standards.<br /><br />2. **Continuous Improvement:** Evaluation provides valuable feedback and insights that can be used to make necessary adjustments and improvements to the curriculum, ensuring its ongoing relevance and effectiveness.<br /><br />vii. The two types of teacher education programs in Kenya are:<br /><br />1. **Bachelor of Education (B.Ed):** This program is designed for individuals who hold a degree in a specific subject area and wish to pursue a career in teaching. It provides comprehensive training in both the subject matter and pedagogical skills required for effective teaching.<br /><br />2. **Post inPGDE):** This program is designed for individuals who hold a degree in any field and wish to pursue a career in teaching. It provides training in pedagogical skills and subject-specific knowledge, enabling individuals to teach at the secondary or tertiary level.