A.telephone survey was conducted in a certain city.Five hundred residents of the city were selected at random from the telephone directory for that city, and called with the intent of asking them if they favored a proposed beautification project for the city. A large percentage of the residents called were not home. refused to answer, or simply hung up the phone. Which form of bias is illustrated in the following example? Response Bias Voluntary Response Bias Non-Response Bias

## Step 1<br />The problem presents a scenario where a telephone survey was conducted in a city. The survey was conducted by randomly selecting 500 residents from the telephone directory and asking them about their opinion on a proposed beautification project. However, a large percentage of the residents were not at home, refused to answer, or simply hung up the phone.<br /><br />## Step 2<br />The question asks us to identify the type of bias illustrated in this example. The options provided are Response Bias, Voluntary Response Bias, and Non-Response Bias.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />Let's define each type of bias:<br />- Response Bias: This occurs when the respondent provides inaccurate responses, either intentionally or unintentionally.<br />- Voluntary Response Bias: This happens when the sample is not representative of the population because the respondents are self-selected.<br />- Non-Response Bias: This occurs when a significant number of individuals selected for the survey do not respond.<br /><br />## Step 4<br />In the given scenario, a large percentage of the residents did not respond to the survey. This indicates that the survey results may not accurately reflect the opinions of the entire population of the city, as the respondents are not representative of the whole population.