d) Explain the positive effects of the Church crusades. QUESTION TWO (20 MARKSI QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS) a) Why was the Middle Ages referred to The Dark Ages. b) Describe the Famous Events during the middle ages. a) Define the following , terms: i. Medieval period ii. Barbarian invasion iii. Civilisation b) What were the contributions of the Greek civilisation to the modern civilisation c) Explain culture of man during the Late stone age period, give examples of stone tools that were made. (8 marks) (6marks) a) Give a brief description on How the Egyptian calendar was developed. (5 marks) b) The Egyptian society comprise of a number of features that were highly developed. Justify. (15 marks) (5 marks) (15marks) QUESTION FOUR (20MARKS) a) Describe briefly describe what is meant by the term Crusades invasions. (5 marks) b) Briefly describe the results of the middle ages on the society. (15marks) QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS) a) Explain briefly the main features of Islamic Golden Age. (5marks) b) State and explain reasons why did the Islamic Golden Age came to an end. (15 marks) (6) marks) (10 marks)

QUESTION ONE (20 MARKS)<br />d) The positive effects of the Church crusades include the spread of Christianity, the establishment of trade routes, and the transfer of knowledge between different cultures.<br /><br />QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)<br />a) The Middle Ages was referred to as The Dark Ages due to the perceived lack of cultural and intellectual advancements during this period.<br />b) Some famous events during the Middle Ages include the Crusades, the signing of the Magna Carta, and the construction of Gothic cathedrals.<br /><br />QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)<br />a) <br />i. The Medieval period refers to the Middle Ages, a historical era that lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.<br />ii. The Barbarian invasion refers to the migration and invasion of various barbarian tribes into the Roman Empire, leading to its decline.<br />iii. Civilisation refers to a complex society with advanced knowledge in areas such as writing, agriculture, and urban development.<br />b) The Greek civilisation contributed significantly to modern civilisation through advancements in philosophy, science, art, and democracy.<br />c) During the Late Stone Age period, humans developed various stone tools for hunting, cutting, and scraping. Examples include hand axes, scrapers, and arrowheads.<br /><br />QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)<br />a) The term Crusades invasions refers to the military campaigns launched by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.<br />b) The Middle Ages had a profound impact on society, leading to the development of feudalism, the growth of cities, and the emergence of a merchant class.<br /><br />QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS)<br />a) The Islamic Golden Age was characterized by significant advancements in science, technology, art, and culture, particularly during the Abbasid Caliphate.<br />b) The Islamic Golden Age came to an end due to factors such as political instability, invasions by external forces, and internal conflicts.