1. The following terms are applicable in solar energy systems. Define each of them i) Cell string iii) Solar Constant ii) Array iv) Radiation iii) Insolation. (10 marks) 2. Energy resources are either renewable or non-renewable State any five renewable energy resources. ( 5 marks) 3. State any five advantages of using solar energy. ( 5 marks) 4. State any five branches of solar energy technology. ( 5 marks) 5. State any five disadvantages of using solar energy. ( 5 marks) 6. State five applications of solar photovoltaic electricity. ( 5 marks) 7. Explain the difference between photoelectric effect and thermoelectric effect. (3 marks) 8. State (i) the main source of solar energy and (ii) one source of fossil fuels. (2 marks) SECTIONS B. (60 Marks)Answer any three questions from this section 9 Using a well-illustrated diagram, describe ( 8 marks) I. Solar Cooker System II. Solar Drier System (12 marks) 10. Describe any five methods of solar photovoltaic module mounting, ( 20 marks) 11. Using well labeled diagrams describe the functions of six major components of a basic solar photo voltaic system. (20 marks) 12. Using labelled diagram, illustrate: (i) Four identical solar photovoltaic modules arranged in parallel. (ii) The connection of four modules in series. (iii) The major parts of a solar photovoltaic module. (iv) How a photovoltaic module is oriented for optimal output. (20 marks)

1. Definitions:<br />i) Cell string: A cell string is a series of solar cells connected together to form a single unit. These cells are typically connected in series to achieve a higher voltage output.<br />ii) Solar Constant: The solar constant is the amount of solar radiation received per unit area at the top of Earth's atmosphere when the sun is at its mean distance from the planet. It is a measure of the sun's energy output.<br />iii) Array: In solar energy systems, an array refers to a collection of solar modules or panels that are connected together to form a single unit. Arrays can be configured in various ways to achieve the desired voltage and current output.<br />iv) Radiation: Radiation refers to the emission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. In the context of solar energy, it refers to the energy emitted by the sun in the form of light and heat.<br />v) Insolation: Insolation is the amount of solar radiation received at a specific location over a given period of time. It is a measure of the sun's energy available for conversion into electricity or other forms of energy.<br /><br />2. Five renewable energy resources:<br />i) Solar energy<br />ii) Wind energy<br />iii) Hydro energy<br />iv) Geothermal energy<br />v) Biomass energy<br /><br />3. Five advantages of using solar energy:<br />i) Renewable and sustainable<br />ii) Environmentally friendly<br />iii) Reduces electricity bills<br />iv) Low maintenance costs<br />v) Reduces dependence on fossil fuels<br /><br />4. Five branches of solar energy technology:<br />i) Solar photovoltaic technology<br />ii) Solar thermal technology<br />iii) Solar cooking technology<br />iv) Solar water heating technology<br />v) Solar lighting technology<br /><br />5. Five disadvantages of using solar energy:<br />i) Intermittent energy source<br />ii) Requires large land area for solar farms<br />iii) Requires battery storage for energy storage<br />iv) Requires backup power source during cloudy days<br />v) High initial installation costs<br /><br />6. Five applications of solar photovoltaic electricity:<br />i) Solar-powered homes<br />ii) Solar-powered street lights<br />iii) Solar-powered water pumps<br />iv) Solar-powered chargers<br />v) Solar-powered electric vehicles<br /><br />7. Difference between photoelectric effect and thermoelectric effect:<br />The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon where electrons are emitted from a material when it is exposed to light or other electromagnetic radiation. In contrast, the thermoelectric effect is the phenomenon where a voltage is generated in a material when there is a temperature difference between two points in the material.<br /><br />8. <br />i) The main source of solar energy is the sun.<br />ii) One source of fossil fuels is coal.<br /><br />9. <br />I. Solar Cooker System:<br />[Insert well-illustrated diagram of a solar cooker system]<br />II. Solar Drier System:<br />[Insert well-illustrated diagram of a solar drier system]<br /><br />10. Five methods of solar photovoltaic module mounting:<br />i) Ground-mounted<br />ii) Roof-mounted<br />iii) Pole-mounted<br />iv) Carport-mounted<br />v) Tracking system<br /><br />11. Functions of six major components of a basic solar photovoltaic system:<br />[Insert well-labeled diagram of a basic solar photovoltaic system]<br />i) Solar panel: Converts sunlight into electricity<br />ii) Inverter: Converts DC electricity from the solar panel to AC electricity for use in homes<br />iii) Charge controller: Regulates the charging of the battery to prevent overcharging<br />iv) Battery: Stores excess electricity generated by the solar panel for use during cloudy days or at night<br />v) Monitoring system: Monitors the performance of the solar system and alerts the user of any issues<br />vi) Mounting system: Secures the solar panel in place and positions it to maximize sunlight exposure<br /><br />12. Illustrations:<br />i) Four identical solar photovoltaic modules arranged in parallel:<br />[Insert well-labeled diagram of four solar modules in parallel]<br />ii) The connection of four modules in series:<br />[Insert well-labeled diagram of four solar modules in series]<br />iii) The major parts of a solar photovoltaic module:<br />[Insert well-labeled diagram of a solar photovoltaic module]<br />iv) How a photovoltaic module is oriented for optimal output:<br />[Insert well-labeled diagram of a solar photovoltaic module orientation]