A researcher trains a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell. Then he turns the lights on just before he sounds the bell. If he continues to do this until the dog starts to salivate as soon as the lights go on , he has demonstrated: latent learning insight second-order conditioning extinction

The correct answer is second-order conditioning.<br /><br />In this scenario, the researcher is using a process called second-order conditioning, also known as higher-order conditioning. This is a type of classical conditioning where a neutral stimulus (in this case, the lights) is paired with an already established conditioned stimulus (the bell) in order to create a new conditioned response (salivation to the lights).<br /><br />Initially, the dog was conditioned to salivate to the sound of the bell (conditioned response to conditioned stimulus). Then, the lights were paired with the bell, and eventually, the dog started to salivate to the lights alone, even without the bell. This demonstrates that the dog has learned to associate the lights with the bell and the resulting salivation, creating a new conditioned response to the previously neutral stimulus (the lights).<br /><br />The other options are not correct in this context:<br /><br />- Latent learning refers to learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement or association with a specific outcome.<br />- Insight is a sudden realization or understanding of a problem or concept, rather than a gradual learning process.<br />- Extinction is the process of weakening or eliminating a learned response by no longer pairing the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus.