i. Describe modes of HIV transmission, diagnosis,management,and impact to the society. ii. Explain modes of transmission , diagnosis, management , and impact to the society of STDs/STIs. iii. Explain transmission,diagnosis management, and impact to the society of emerging diseases. iv. Apply healthy lifestyle habits necessary , to

i. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing of contaminated needles or syringes, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Diagnosis of HIV involves testing for the presence of the virus in the blood or other body fluids. Management of HIV includes antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control the virus and prevent progression to AIDS. The impact of HIV on society includes significant healthcare costs, stigma and discrimination, and the loss of productive members of society.<br /><br />ii. STDs/STIs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections) are primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual contact. Diagnosis involves testing for the presence of the infection in the genital area. Management includes treatment with antibiotics or antiviral medications, and prevention through vaccination and safe sex practices. The impact of STDs/STIs on society includes healthcare costs, increased risk of HIV transmission, and potential complications such as infertility and increased risk of certain cancers.<br /><br />iii. Emerging diseases are diseases that have recently appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. These diseases can be caused by new pathogens or changes in existing pathogens, and can be transmitted through various means such as insect vectors, contaminated food or water, or direct contact. Diagnosis and management of emerging diseases often require a coordinated public health response, including surveillance, laboratory testing, and implementation of control measures. The impact of emerging diseases on society can be significant, including disruption of healthcare systems, economic losses, and potential for widespread outbreaks.<br /><br />iv. Healthy lifestyle habits necessary for maintaining good health include a balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, stress management, and avoiding harmful substances such as tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption. These habits can help prevent chronic diseases, improve mental health, and promote overall well-being.