Q. 8. How complete was Stalin's control over the Soviet Union by 1941? (Guiding Questions: How did Stalin successfully control the people? Did Stalin have absolute control over every area of the lives of his people? In what ways or areas was Stalin NOT successful in controlling the people?)

By 1941, Stalin had established a high degree of control over the Soviet Union, though it was not absolute. Stalin employed a variety of methods to maintain control over the people, including propaganda, censorship, and a pervasive security apparatus. The state security organs, such as the NKVD, played a crucial role in suppressing dissent and maintaining Stalin's grip on power. Additionally, the forced collectivization of agriculture and the implementation of Five-Year Plans helped to centralize control over the economy.<br /><br />However, Stalin's control was not absolute in every area. While he had significant influence over political and economic matters, there were still pockets of resistance and non-compliance, particularly in rural areas where collectivization was met with resistance. Furthermore, the harsh conditions of the Great Purge, which included widespread executions and forced labor camps, created an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty, but it did not completely eliminate dissent.<br /><br />In summary, while Stalin's control over the Soviet Union by 1941 was extensive, it was not absolute, and there were areas where his influence was less effective.