17. The teacher gave Ahmad extra work to do for his late coming to school. This is an example of __ A. Negative reinforcement C. Negative punishment B. Positive reinforcement D. Positive punishment 18. Gambling is an example of which of the following schedule of reinforcement? A.Fixed ratio B. Fixed interval C. Variable ratio D. Variable interval 19. Which one of the following scientist is called father of psychology? A. Pavlov B. Skinner C. Bandura D. William Wundt 20. The law of perception which refers.the tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping is A. Closure B. Proximity C. Similarity D. Contiguity 21. Which one of the following early school of psychology study about element of mind? A. Structuralism B. Behaviourism C. Functionalism D. Gestalt psychology

17. The correct answer is D. Positive punishment. In this scenario, the teacher is administering an unpleasant stimulus (extra work) to Ahmad in order to decrease the likelihood of his late coming to school in the future. This is an example of positive punishment, where a favorable outcome or reward is removed after a behavior is exhibited in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.<br /><br />18. The correct answer is C. Variable ratio. Gambling is an example of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement, where the reinforcement (winning) occurs after an unpredictable number of responses (number of times the person gambles). This schedule creates a high and steady rate of responding, as the person is unsure of when the next reinforcement will occur.<br /><br />19. The correct answer is D. William Wundt. William Wundt is often referred to as the father of psychology because he established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. He is credited with making psychology an independent scientific discipline.<br /><br />20. The correct answer is B. Proximity. The law of proximity refers to the tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping. This principle is one of the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization, which states that the human mind tends to perceive objects as whole patterns rather than as separate parts.<br /><br />21. The correct answer is A. Structuralism. Structuralism is an early school of psychology that focused on studying the elements of the mind and how these elements combine to form mental experiences. It aimed to understand the structure of the mind and its contents by analyzing the basic components of consciousness.