Question Two a) Using examples,discus the role played by attention and rehearsing in teaching and learning. (6 marks b) Evaluate the implication of operant conditioning theory in the process of teaching and learning. (9 marks) Question Three a) Explain the learner factors that have positive effects on learning. (5 marks) b) Using examples,analyse the three major methods that are effective for teaching for transfer. (10 marks)

Question Two:<br /><br />a) Attention and rehearsal play crucial roles in teaching and learning. For example, when a teacher presents new information, students must pay attention to understand and retain the content. Rehearsal, or the repetition of information, helps students encode the material into their memory, making it easier to recall later. By practicing and reviewing the material, students can reinforce their learning and improve retention.<br /><br />b) Operant conditioning theory, developed by B.F. Skinner, emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. In the context of teaching and learning, this theory suggests that positive reinforcement, such as praise or rewards, can encourage desired behaviors and motivate students to engage in learning. Conversely, negative reinforcement or punishment can discourage undesirable behaviors. By applying operant conditioning principles, teachers can create a supportive learning environment that promotes student engagement and achievement.<br /><br />Question Three:<br /><br />a) Several learner factors have positive effects on learning. Motivation, for instance, drives students to actively participate in the learning process and persist in the face of challenges. Prior knowledge and experiences also contribute to learning, as they provide a foundation for new information and facilitate connections between concepts. Additionally, a positive attitude towards learning can enhance students' engagement and willingness to take risks.<br /><br />b) Three major methods effective for teaching for transfer include:<br /><br />1. Analogies: By drawing comparisons between familiar concepts and new information, students can make connections and apply their existing knowledge to new situations. For example, teaching mathematical concepts using real-life scenarios can help students see the relevance and applicability of the subject.<br /><br />2. Problem-solving: Encouraging students to engage in problem-solving activities allows them to apply their knowledge in practical contexts. By working through problems and finding solutions, students develop critical thinking skills and transferable problem-solving strategies that can be applied in various situations.<br /><br />3. Hands-on learning: Providing students with opportunities for experiential learning, such as experiments, simulations, or field trips, enables them to actively engage with the material and develop a deeper understanding. This method promotes the transfer of knowledge by allowing students to apply their learning in real-world contexts and make meaningful connections between theory and practice.