QUESTION ONE (a) Briefly explain what you understand by the term blood doping in sports. (2marks) (b) Discus four dangers of poor sanitation to students within the school environment. (10marks) (c) Identify and explain any five health consequences of abusing drugs. (12marks) (d) Explain four ways in which you can advise one to improve his/her mental health. (6 marks) QUESTION TWO (a) Explain the elements of health as conceptualized in the Health Triangle. (10marks) (b) Explain four differences between flexibility and agility in physical fitness. (10marks)

QUESTION ONE<br /><br />(a) Blood doping in sports refers to the practice of artificially increasing the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance. This is typically done by injecting synthetic erythropoietin (EPO) or by transfusing blood into the athlete. The increased number of red blood cells can improve oxygen-carrying capacity, allowing the athlete to exercise for longer periods of time or at a higher intensity.<br /><br />(b) Four dangers of poor sanitation to students within the school environment are:<br /><br />1. Spread of infectious diseases: Poor sanitation can lead to the spread of infectious diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid fever among students. These diseases can be transmitted through contaminated water, food, or surfaces.<br />2. Respiratory problems: Inadequate sanitation can contribute to respiratory problems such as asthma and bronchitis. This is due to the presence of mold, dust, and other allergens in poorly maintained facilities.<br />3. Skin infections: Poor sanitation can lead to skin infections such as scabies, ringworm, and athlete's foot. These infections can be transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces.<br />4. Mental health issues: Poor sanitation can have a negative impact on mental health. Students who are exposed to unsanitary conditions may experience anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.<br /><br />(c) Five health consequences of abusing drugs are:<br /><br />1. Addiction: Drug abuse can lead to addiction, which is a chronic disease characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior and use, despite harmful consequences.<br />2. Physical health problems: Drug abuse can cause a range of physical health problems, including liver and kidney damage, respiratory problems, and cardiovascular issues.<br />3. Mental health issues: Drug abuse can exacerbate mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis.<br />4. Impaired cognitive function: Drug abuse can impair cognitive function, leading to difficulties with memory, attention, and decision-making.<br />5. Social and relationship problems: Drug abuse can lead to social and relationship problems, including strained relationships with family and friends, job loss, and legal issues.<br /><br />(d) Four ways in which you can advise one to improve his/her mental health are:<br /><br />1. Seek professional help: If someone is struggling with mental health issues, it is important to seek help from a mental health professional such as a psychologist or psychiatrist.<br />2. Practice self-care: Engaging in regular self-care activities such as exercise, meditation, and relaxation techniques can help improve mental health.<br />3. Connect with others: Building and maintaining social connections with friends, family, and loved ones can provide emotional support and help improve mental health.<br />4. Avoid substance abuse: Avoiding the use of drugs and alcohol can help improve mental health and reduce the risk of addiction.<br /><br />QUESTION TWO<br /><br />(a) The Health Triangle is a conceptual model that represents the three elements of health: physical, mental, and social well-being. The physical aspect of health refers to the body's ability to function properly and maintain homeostasis. The mental aspect of health refers to the ability to think clearly, make decisions, and cope with stress. The social aspect of health refers to the ability to interact with others, form relationships, and contribute to the community.<br /><br />(b) Four differences between flexibility and agility in physical fitness are:<br /><br />1. Definition: Flexibility refers to the ability to move a joint through its full range of motion, while agility refers to the ability to change direction quickly and efficiently.<br />2. Measurement: Flexibility is typically measured by the range of motion in a joint, while agility is measured by the time it takes to change direction or perform a specific movement.<br />3. Importance: Flexibility is important for maintaining proper posture and preventing injuries, while agility is important for sports and activities that require quick changes in direction.<br />4. Training: Flexibility can be improved through stretching exercises, while agility can be improved through drills that involve quick changes in direction and speed.