22. In Pavlov's experiment, the salivation of the dog after hearing the bell in absence of a meat (food) is referred to as __ A. Unconditioned stimulus C. Unconditioned response B. Conditioned response D. Conditioned stimulus The area of psychology that focuses on studying psychological disorders and treatment technique is __ A. Social Psychology C. Health Psychology B. Developmental Psychology D. Clinical Psychology 24. In Pavlov's experiment the meat(food)was a(n): A. Unconditioned response C. Conditioned response B. Unconditioned stimulus D. Conditioned stimulus 25. A relatively permanent change in an organism's behaviour due to experience is known as A. Learning B. Memory C. Forgetting D. Sensation 26. The disappearance of conditioned stimulus according to Ivan Pavlov refers to A.Stimulus discrimination C. Stimulus generalization B. Extinction D. Spontaneous recovery 27. Which goal of psychology answers a question 'why?' A.Describing B. Predicting C. Explaining D. Controlling )8. The teacher gave Sami extra marks for his classroom participation. This is an example of A.Negative punishment C. Positive reinforcement B. Positive punishment D. Negative reinforcement V. Answer the following questions to the point.

22. B. Conditioned response<br />In Pavlov's experiment, the salivation of the dog after hearing the bell in the absence of meat (food) is referred to as a conditioned response. This is because the dog has learned to associate the sound of the bell with the presentation of food, and as a result, it salivates in response to the bell alone.<br /><br />23. D. Clinical Psychology<br />The area of psychology that focuses on studying psychological disorders and treatment techniques is clinical psychology. Clinical psychologists are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health disorders through various therapeutic interventions.<br /><br />24. B. Unconditioned stimulus<br />In Pavlov's experiment, the meat (food) was an unconditioned stimulus is meat naturally and automatically triggers the salivation response in the dog without any prior learning or conditioning.<br /><br />25. A. Learning<br />A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience is known as learning. Learning involves the acquisition of new knowledge, skills, or behaviors as a result of experience or practice.<br /><br />26. B. Extinction<br />The disappearance of a conditioned stimulus according to Ivan Pavlov refers to extinction. Extinction occurs when the conditioned response gradually diminishes and eventually disappears when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.<br /><br />27. C. Explaining<br />The goal of psychology that answers the question 'why?' is explaining. Explaining involves understanding the underlying causes or reasons for a particular behavior or phenomenon. It seeks to uncoverwhy' thoughts, feelings, and actions.<br /><br />28. C. Positive reinforcement<br />The teacher giving Sami extra marks for his classroom participation is an example of positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement involves the addition of a pleasant stimulus or reward to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior. In this case, the teacher is using extra marks as a reward to encourage Sami's classroom participation.