QUESTION ONE. (25Morks)-COMPULSORY 1. (a) "Elections in Africa are highly contested and many times trigger disputes from opposing forces". Discuss the straiegies for attaining a peaceful, free and fair electoral process. (10 marks)

To attain a peaceful, free, and fair electoral process in Africa, several strategies can be employed:<br /><br />1. **Strengthening Institutions**: Establishing and maintaining independent electoral commissions to oversee the electoral process impartially and transparently.<br /><br />2. **Promoting Political Dialogue**: Encouraging dialogue and cooperation among political parties and stakeholders to prevent disputes and foster a collaborative environment.<br /><br />3. **Ensuring Transparency**: Implementing measures such as transparent vote counting, access to electoral data, and media coverage to build trust in the process.<br /><br />4. **Protecting Voter Rights**: Ensuring the protection of voters' rights, including access to polling stations, freedom of expression, and freedom from intimidation or violence.<br /><br />5. **Addressing Disputes**: Establishing clear mechanisms for resolving electoral disputes through legal channels and impartial tribunals.<br /><br />6. **Promoting Civic Education**: Educating citizens about their voting rights, the electoral process, and the importance of peaceful participation.<br /><br />7. **Ensuring Security**: Providing adequate security measures to protect electoral personnel, voters, and election-related infrastructure.<br /><br />By implementing these strategies, African countries can work towards achieving peaceful, free, and fair elections, contributing to political stability and democratic development.