b. defamation 4. If a patient is physically restrained without proper authorization or justification, this can lead to a charge of __ a.invasion of privacy c. false imprisonment d. assault and battery b. defamation d. assault and battery

## Step 1<br />The problem is asking us to identify the legal consequence of physically restraining a patient without proper authorization or justification. We need to evaluate each option in relation to the given situation.<br /><br />## Step 2<br />Option a, "invasion of privacy", refers to the intrusion into the personal life of another person without their consent. While this is a serious issue, it does not directly relate to the act of physical restraint.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />Option b, "defamation", is a false statement presented as a fact that causes injury or damage to the character of the person it is about. This is not relevant to the act of physical restraint.<br /><br />## Step 4<br />Option c, "false imprisonment", is the unlawful restraint of a person against their will. This is the most appropriate answer as it directly relates to the act of physical restraint without proper authorization or justification.<br /><br />## Step 5<br />Option d, "assault and battery", refers to the act of intentionally and voluntarily causing physical harm to another person. While this is a serious issue, it does not directly relate to the act of physical restraint.