78. A client is admitted for treatment of pulmonary edema. During the admission interview , she states she has a 6-year history of congestive heart failure (CHF). The nurse performs an initial assessment. When the nurse auscultates the breath sounds, the nurse should expect to hear which of the following? A. Crackling C. Whistling B. Absent breath sounds D. Wheezing 79. The nurse evaluates her teaching by asking the student nurse which term is used to describe the amount of stretch on the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole. Which is the most accurate response? A. After load B. Pre load C. Stroke volume D. Cardiac output 80. An 18-year-old client who recently had an upper respiratory infection is admitted with suspected rheumatic fever. Which assessment findings confirm this diagnosis? A. Dyspnea, cough, and palpitations B. Dyspnea, fatigue, and syncope C. Tachycardia, finger clubbing, and a loud second heart sound (S2) D. Erythema marginatum subcutaneous nodules, and fever 81.The nurse knows that a 45-year-old client with severe hypertension will experience increased workload of the heart due to which of the following? A. Increased cardiac output B. Increased afterload C. Increased preload D. Overload of the heart 82. After cardiac surgery,a client's blood pressure measures 126/80 mm Hg The nurse determines that mean arterial pressure (MAP) is: A. 80 mm Hg B. 95 mm Hg C. 46 mm Hg D. 90 mm Hg 83. A client admitted for a lower extremity deep vein thrombosis is experiencing dyspnea , chest pain, and diminished breath sounds The nurse suspects this client may be developing which condition? A. Pneumothorax B. Pulmonary hypertension C. Pulmonary embolism D. Hemothorax

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78. A client is admitted for treatment of pulmonary edema. During the admission interview , she states she has a 6-year history of congestive heart failure (CHF). The nurse performs an initial assessment. When the nurse auscultates the breath sounds, the nurse should expect to hear which of the following? A. Crackling C. Whistling B. Absent breath sounds D. Wheezing 79. The nurse evaluates her teaching by asking the student nurse which term is used to describe the amount of stretch on the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole. Which is the most accurate response? A. After load B. Pre load C. Stroke volume D. Cardiac output 80. An 18-year-old client who recently had an upper respiratory infection is admitted with suspected rheumatic fever. Which assessment findings confirm this diagnosis? A. Dyspnea, cough, and palpitations B. Dyspnea, fatigue, and syncope C. Tachycardia, finger clubbing, and a loud second heart sound (S2) D. Erythema marginatum subcutaneous nodules, and fever 81.The nurse knows that a 45-year-old client with severe hypertension will experience increased workload of the heart due to which of the following? A. Increased cardiac output B. Increased afterload C. Increased preload D. Overload of the heart 82. After cardiac surgery,a client's blood pressure measures 126/80 mm Hg The nurse determines that mean arterial pressure (MAP) is: A. 80 mm Hg B. 95 mm Hg C. 46 mm Hg D. 90 mm Hg 83. A client admitted for a lower extremity deep vein thrombosis is experiencing dyspnea , chest pain, and diminished breath sounds The nurse suspects this client may be developing which condition? A. Pneumothorax B. Pulmonary hypertension C. Pulmonary embolism D. Hemothorax

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78. A. Crackling Explanation: In a client with pulmonary edema and a history of congestive heart failure (CHF), the nurse should expect to hear crackling breath sounds during auscultation. Crackling sounds are caused by the presence of fluid in the alveoli, which is a common finding in pulmonary edema. 79. B. Pre load Explanation: Preload refers to the amount of stretch on the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole. It is the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, just before systole begins. Preload is an important factor in determining the force of contraction and cardiac output. 80. D. Erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules, and fever Explanation: Rheumatic fever is a complication of untreated or inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever. The diagnosis of rheumatic fever is confirmed by the presence of specific clinical manifestations, including erythema marginatum (a rash), subcutaneous nodules (small lumps under the skin), and fever. These findings are characteristic of rheumatic fever and help differentiate it from other respiratory conditions. 81. B. Increased afterload Explanation: In a client with severe hypertension, the increased blood pressure in the arteries (afterload) causes the heart to work harder to pump blood. This increased workload on the heart can lead to cardiac hypertrophy and other complications. Increased afterload is a key factor in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure in clients with hypertension. 82. B. 95 mm Hg Explanation: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is calculated using the formula: MAP = (2 x Diastolic BP) + Systolic BP / 3. In this case, the client's blood pressure is 126/80 mm Hg. Plugging these values into the formula gives: MAP = (2 x 80) + 126 / 3 = 160 / 3 = 53.33 mm Hg. However, the closest option provided is 95 mm Hg, which is incorrect. The correct calculation should be: MAP = (2 x 80) + 126 / 3 = 160 / 3 = 53.33 mm Hg. Therefore, the correct answer is 53.33 mm Hg, which is not provided in the options. The closest option is 95 mm Hg, but it is not the correct answer. 83. C. Pulmonary embolism Explanation: In a client admitted for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) who is experiencing dyspnea, chest pain, and diminished breath sounds, the nurse should suspect the development of a pulmonary embolism (PE). PE occurs when a blood clot from the DVT travels to the lungs, causing blockage of the pulmonary arteries. The symptoms of dyspnea, chest pain, and diminished breath sounds are consistent with a PE.

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