22. The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is called __ 23. In a(n) __ the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than the concentration of solutes inside the cell. 24. The concentration of solutes in a(n) __ is lower outside the cell than the concentration of solutes inside the cell. 25. The concentration of solutes in a(n) __ equals the concentration of solutes inside the cell. 26. The use of carrier proteins to move substances with the gradient is __ 27. The use of carrier proteins to move substances against the gradient is __ . __ is the process of packaging and moving large molecules, food, waste, and other substances across the membrane.

## Step 1<br />The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is a process known as osmosis. This is a type of passive transport that occurs when water molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.<br /><br />## Step 2<br />When the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than the concentration of solutes inside the cell, the cell is said to be in a hypertonic state. This means that the cell has a lower concentration of solutes than the surrounding environment.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />When the concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than the concentration of solutes inside the cell, the cell is said to be in a hypotonic state. This means that the cell has a higher concentration of solutes than the surrounding environment.<br /><br />## Step 4<br />When the concentration of solutes outside the cell equals the concentration of solutes inside the cell, the cell is said to be in an isotonic state. This means that the cell has the same concentration of solutes as the surrounding environment.<br /><br />## Step 5<br />The use of carrier proteins to move substances with the gradient is known as facilitated diffusion. This is a type of passive transport that uses carrier proteins to move substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.<br /><br />## Step 6<br />The use of carrier proteins to move substances against the gradient is known as active transport. This is a type of active transport that uses carrier proteins to move substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.<br /><br />## Step 7<br />The process of packaging and moving large molecules, food, waste, and other substances across the membrane is known as endocytosis. This is a type of active transport that involves the cell membrane engulfing the substance to be transported into the cell.