c) Headache, cough, jaundice vomiting d) Jaundice joint pain fever, diarrhea. 14. The following plasmodia develop hypnozoites a) P. ovale, p vivax b) P malariae, p vivax c) P malariae, p falciparum d) P ovale, p falciparum 6) In communicable diseases, the route of transmission can be interrupted by a) Providing treatment to all the sick people b) Vaccinating the population c) Attacking the vectors d) Notification 17) The predominant plasmodium species in Kenya is a) Plasmodium ovale b) Plasmodium malariae c) Plasmodium falciparum d) Plasmodium vivax 18) The malaria species responsible for recurrent infections are a) Plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae b) Plasmodium plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale c) Plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium ovale d) Plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum 19) Follicles in trachoma commonly form on the a) Sclera b) Inside the upper eye lid c) Inside the lower eye lid d) Cornea 20) Yellow fever is transmitted through a) Inhalation b) Bite c) Swallowing d) Contamination. 21) The principle of controlling communicable diseases is a) Attacking the source , interrupting the route of transmission, protecting the host . b) Protecting the host , attacking the source, mass treatment c) Interrupting the route of transmission ,carry out the surveys, disease surveillance and control d) Attacking the source disease surveillance and control, carrying out the surveys

14. The correct answer is d) P ovale, p falciparum. Hypnozoites are dormant forms of certain Plasmodium species that can remain in the liver for years and cause relapses of malaria. Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium vivax are known to form hypnozoites, while Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum do not.<br /><br />6) The correct answer is c) Attacking the vectors. Interrupting the route of transmission in communicable diseases can be achieved by attacking the vectors, which are organisms that transmit pathogens from one host to another. By targeting and reducing the population of vectors, such as mosquitoes in the case of malaria, the transmission of the disease can be interrupted.<br /><br />17) The correct answer is c) Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in Kenya. It is responsible for the majority of malaria cases in the country and is known for its ability to infect red blood cells and cause severe complications.<br /><br />18) The correct answer is b) Plasmodium plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale. Recurrent infections of malaria are commonly caused by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. These species have the ability to form hypnozoites in the liver, which can remain dormant for years and cause relapses of the disease.<br /><br />19) The correct answer is c) Inside the lower eye lid. Follicles in trachoma commonly form on the inside of the lower eyelid. Trachoma is a bacterial infection of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, and the formation of follicles is a characteristic feature of the disease.<br /><br />20) The correct answer is b) Bite. Yellow fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. The virus is carried and transmitted by certain species of mosquitoes, primarily the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Inhalation, swallowing, or contamination are not modes of transmission for yellow fever.<br /><br />21) The correct answer is a) Attacking the source, interrupting the route of transmission, protecting the host. The principle of controlling communicable diseases involves a comprehensive approach that includes attacking the source of infection, interrupting the route of transmission, and protecting the host from infection. This approach aims to prevent the spread of diseases and reduce the burden on healthcare systems.