a. Describe the THREE main types of aerial photo perspectives. (9 marks) QUESTION ONE b. Explain the concept of scale in both maps and aerial photographs. (6 marks) c. State the advantage of using satellite imagery on map interpretation. (5 marks) d. Discuss the disadvantages of aerial photographs. QUESTION TWO (10 marks) a. Describe how contour lines are used to represent elevation on a topographic (10 marks) b. Discuss the differences between a topographic map and a thematic map (10 marks) Explain how the choice of map projection can impact the accuracy and interpretation of a map . Provide examples of map projections and their uses. (20 marks)

QUESTION ONE<br /><br />a. The three main types of aerial photo perspectives are:<br />1. Vertical: Taken directly from above, providing a straight-on view of the terrain.<br />2. Oblique: Taken at an angle, offering a more dynamic perspective and better representation of the terrain's shape.<br />3. High-altitude: Taken from a high vantage point, providing a broader view of the area.<br /><br />b. Scale in maps and aerial photographs refers to the ratio of a distance on the map or photograph to the corresponding distance on the ground. It determines the level of detail and the extent of the area covered. In maps, scale is often represented as a ratio (e.g., 1:100,000), while in aerial photographs, it is determined by the altitude at which the photograph was taken.<br /><br />c. The advantage of using satellite imagery on map interpretation is that it provides a comprehensive and up-to-date view of large areas, allowing for the identification of features and changes over time. Satellite imagery can cover vast regions, making it useful for monitoring environmental changes, urban planning, and disaster management.<br /><br />d. The disadvantages of aerial photographs include:<br />1. Limited coverage: Aerial photographs cover smaller areas compared to satellite imagery.<br />2. Weather conditions: Cloudy or hazy conditions can affect the quality and clarity of the photographs.<br />3. Cost: Aerial photography can be expensive, especially for high-resolution images.<br /><br />QUESTION TWO<br /><br />a. Contour lines on a topographic map represent elevation by connecting points of equal elevation. Each contour line indicates a specific elevation, and the closer the lines are to each other, the steeper the terrain. Contour lines help users understand the shape and elevation changes of the landscape.<br /><br />b. A topographic map represents the physical features of the land, including elevation, while a thematic map focuses on a specific theme or topic, such as population density, climate, or political boundaries. Topographic maps provide detailed information about the terrain, while thematic maps highlight specific aspects of the data.<br /><br />c. The choice of map projection can impact the accuracy and interpretation of a map. Map projections are methods of representing the curved surface of the Earth on a flat plane. Different projections have varying levels of distortion in terms of shape, area, distance, or direction. For example, the Mercator projection preserves angles and shapes but distorts areas, making it suitable for navigation but not for accurate area representation. The choice of projection depends on the intended use of the map and the specific characteristics of the data being represented.