6. Describe the two stages of periodontal disease. Ans.

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. It progresses through two main stages: gingivitis and periodontitis.<br /><br />1. **Gingivitis**: This is the initial stage of periodontal disease. It is characterized by inflammation of the gums, which can cause redness, swelling, and bleeding, especially during brushing or flossing. Gingivitis is often caused by the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to the more severe stage of periodontitis.<br /><br />2. **Periodontitis**: This is the advanced stage of periodontal disease. In periodontitis, the inflammation extends below the gum line, affecting the bone and connective tissue that support the teeth. This can lead to the formation of pockets between the teeth and gums, which can become infected and cause further damage to the supporting structures. If left untreated, periodontitis can result in tooth loss.<br /><br />Both stages of periodontal disease require professional treatment, including scaling and root planing, to remove plaque and tartar buildup, and in some cases, antibiotics to treat infection. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices are essential in preventing and managing periodontal disease.