12. What US Supreme Court case established the precedent of "Separate but Equal'?

## Step 1<br />The question is asking for the name of the US Supreme Court case that established the precedent of "Separate but Equal". This precedent is a legal doctrine that allows for racial segregation as long as the separate facilities provided for each race are equal in quality.<br />## Step 2<br />This doctrine was established in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. The case involved a man named Homer Plessy, who was arrested for refusing to leave a "whites-only" car on a train. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Plessy, stating that as long as the separate facilities provided for each race were equal in quality, segregation did not violate the 14th Amendment, which guarantees equal protection under the law.<br />## Step 3<br />This precedent was later overturned by the Supreme Court in the case of Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. The Brown v. Board of Education case declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal, effectively ending the "Separate but Equal" doctrine.