iv) Stow vii) Garage 3.a) Discuss four types of intonation in the English language (10 marks) b) With examples, explain how stress contributes to measing in sentence meaning (10marks) 4. a) With examples.distinguish berween narrow transcription and broad transcription. (6marks b) Give a transcription of the following words. (14 marks) i) Beard viti) Leisure ii) Cream ix) Crayon iii) Colour x) Man iv) Mirage xi) garage v) Rend xii) Gutter vi) Sweet xiii) Yacht visivision viii) Biogas ix) Photogr

3. a) The four types of intonation in the English language are:<br />1. Falling Intonation: This type of intonation is used to indicate a statement or a fact. It falls at the end of the sentence, giving a sense of completion. Example: "She is going to the store."<br />2. Rising Intonation: This type of intonation is used to indicate a question or to seek confirmation. It rises at the end of the sentence, indicating uncertainty or seeking clarification. Example: "You're going to the store?"<br />3. Falling-Rising Intonation: This type of intonation is used to indicate a statement that contains a question or a suggestion. It falls at the beginning and rises at the end, giving a sense of uncertainty or suggestion. Example: "You're going to the store, right?"<br />4. Rising-Falling Intonation: This type of intonation is used to indicate a question that contains a statement or a fact. It rises at the beginning and falls at the end, giving a sense of surprise or emphasis. Example: "You're going to the store?"<br /><br />b) Stress contributes to meaning in sentence by emphasizing certain words or syllables, which can change the meaning of the sentence. For example, in the sentence "I saw her duck," the stress on "duck" indicates that the speaker saw a duck that belongs to a woman named "her." If the stress is on "saw," it means the speaker witnessed the action of seeing her duck. Stress can also indicate the importance or emphasis of a particular word or idea in a sentence.<br /><br />4. a) Narrow transcription and broad transcription are two methods of transcribing speech. Narrow transcription aims to capture the exact phonetic details of speech, including allophones, coarticulation, and other phonetic variations. It is typically used in phonetic analysis and linguistics research. Example: [bɛd] for "bed." Broad transcription, on the other hand, captures the general phonetic features of speech without capturing the fine details. It is commonly used in dictionaries and language learning materials. Example: /bɛd/ for "bed."<br /><br />b) Transcription of the following words:<br />i) [bɛd]<br />vii) [ˈliːʒər]<br />ii) [kriːm]<br />ix) [ˈkreɪzən]<br />iii) [ˈkʌlər]<br />x) [mæn]<br />iv) [maɪˈrɪdʒ]<br />xi) [ˈɡærɪdʒ]<br />v) [rɛnd]<br />xii) [ˈɡʌtər]<br />vi) [swiːt]<br />xiii) [jɑːt]<br />vii) [baɪˈɡɒs]<br />ix) [fəˈtɒɡrəf]