Assignment #2 Lab Report ( marks) I . Introduction Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into their individual components based on their affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. This lab aimed to demonstrate the principles of chromatography by separating dyes in ink using paper chromatography. II . Materials - Filter paper or chromatography paper - Water (solvent) - Assorted colored markers (e.g., black blue, red) - Ruler Pencil Beaker (small) Pencil or pen Scissors II .Procedure 1. Preparation: Cut the filter paper into strips (about 2 cm wide and 10 cm long). - Using a pencil lightly mark a line about 2 cm from the bottom of each strip This line will serve as the baseline. 2. Applying the Sample: - Use the markers to place a small dot of ink on the baseline of each strip.Make sure the dots are placed at least 1 cm apart. 3. Setting Up the Chromatography: Pour a small amount of water into a beaker (about 1 cm high) to serve as the solvent. - Carefully place the filter paper strip into the beaker so that the bottom edge is submerged in the water but the ink dots remain above the water line. 4. Developing the Chromatogram: - Allow the water to rise up the paper by capillary action. As it are it will carry the ink with it.Remove the paper once the solvent has traveled about three-quarters of the way up the strip. 5. Drying and Observing:

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Assignment #2 Lab Report ( marks) I . Introduction Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into their individual components based on their affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. This lab aimed to demonstrate the principles of chromatography by separating dyes in ink using paper chromatography. II . Materials - Filter paper or chromatography paper - Water (solvent) - Assorted colored markers (e.g., black blue, red) - Ruler Pencil Beaker (small) Pencil or pen Scissors II .Procedure 1. Preparation: Cut the filter paper into strips (about 2 cm wide and 10 cm long). - Using a pencil lightly mark a line about 2 cm from the bottom of each strip This line will serve as the baseline. 2. Applying the Sample: - Use the markers to place a small dot of ink on the baseline of each strip.Make sure the dots are placed at least 1 cm apart. 3. Setting Up the Chromatography: Pour a small amount of water into a beaker (about 1 cm high) to serve as the solvent. - Carefully place the filter paper strip into the beaker so that the bottom edge is submerged in the water but the ink dots remain above the water line. 4. Developing the Chromatogram: - Allow the water to rise up the paper by capillary action. As it are it will carry the ink with it.Remove the paper once the solvent has traveled about three-quarters of the way up the strip. 5. Drying and Observing:

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The correct answer is: Drying and Observing: - Allow the chromatogram to dry completely. - Once dry, observe the separation of the dyes in the ink on the filter paper. Measure the distance traveled by each dye component using a ruler. - Calculate the Rf value for each dye by dividing the distance traveled by the distance from the baseline to the center of each spot. Compare the Rf values to identify the different dyes in the ink. Explanation: After the chromatogram has dried, you can analyze the results by measuring the distance traveled by each dye component and calculating the Rf value. The Rf value is a ratio that helps identify the different dyes in the ink. By comparing the Rf values of the dyes in the ink to known Rf values of standard dyes, you can determine which dyes are present in the ink. This process demonstrates the principles of chromatography and shows how it can be used to separate and identify components in a mixture.

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