Critical Thinking:Applications 1. Explain what effect the following errors would have on the value for the percent water in the hydrate. (Making predictions) a. The hydrate was not heated long enough to drive off all the __ b. A damp crucible was used; and it was not dried before adding __ c. The crucible and contents were allowed to cool overnight before __

## Step 1<br />The problem involves understanding the effects of different errors on the calculation of the percent water in a hydrate. A hydrate is a compound that contains water molecules chemically bonded to another compound or an anhydrous compound. The percent water in a hydrate is calculated by finding the difference between the initial and final masses of the compound after heating.<br /><br />## Step 2<br />a. If the hydrate is not heated long enough to drive off all the water, some water molecules will remain unevaporated. This means that the final mass of the compound will be higher than the actual mass of the anhydrous compound. As a result, the calculated percent water will be lower than the actual value.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />b. If a damp crucible is used and not dried before adding the hydrate, the initial mass of the compound will be higher than the actual mass of the anhydrous compound. This is because the moisture from the crucible will be added to the mass of the compound. As a result, the calculated percent water will be higher than the actual value.<br /><br />## Step 4<br />c. If the crucible and contents are allowed to cool overnight before weighing, this will not affect the calculation of the percent water. This is because the cooling process does not add or remove any mass from the compound. Therefore, the calculated percent water will be accurate.